论道德义务的两个层次

Two Levels on Moral Obligation

道德义务是伦理学的基本范畴,它包括他律性的道德义务和自律性的道德义务两个层次。前者属较低的层次,它要求在现实社会中的人们履行一些基本的道德义务;后者属较高的层次,它要求在现实生活中人们应该努力向尊崇义务心的目标迈进。无论是哪一层次的道德义务在现实社会中都很重要。因此,我们应从个人的道德修养和社会的制度保障两方面培养道德义务心,这是保证人与人之间社会关系的必要条件。

As a fundamental conception, moral obligation includes two levels named as moral obligation with nature of being fulfilled and with nature of fulfilling. The former belongs to the lower level, and it requires people to fulfill some fundamental moral obligations in current society. But the latter belongs to the higher level and it requires people to try to stride forward towards the feeling of respecting obligation. But no matter which level it is, moral obligation is very important in real life. Therefore, we should develop our feelings of moral obligation from personal moral cultivation and social institutional security, which is a prerequisite condition in ensuring social relations among people.