欧洲国家宪法法官制度初论

A General Survey of European Constitutional Judiciary

在20世纪,欧洲生成并发展出颇具特色的宪法法院制度,宪法法官作为宪法法院的决策主体承担了保障宪政生活中的合宪性这一重要使命。它们普遍建立了精英型宪法法官体系,通过任命机制控制宪法法官构成,使之具有合理性;同时,它们极力保障宪法法官的独立性,为其提供充分的权利保障及物质支持,并通过严格规范职业行为来保障宪法法官有效履行职责。

The 20th century saw the introduction and development of a unique constitutional judiciary in Europe. The judiciary, serving as the principal policy maker in constitutional courts, assumes the task of ensuring the constitutionality of political life. Elite constitutional judiciaries soon spread over nearly all countries in Europe. Rational appointment of judges to the constitutional courts guarantees the reputation of the judiciary. The president of the court plays an important role in the constitutional judiciary system. All the judges fulfill their functions effectively and fully enjoy their independent power and discretion, while they are subject to strict professional disciplines and provided with ample material resources.