略论明清戏曲四大声腔之流变

Evolution of the Four Famous Opera Tune Patterns in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

中国戏曲是一门综合性的艺术，从音乐的角度看，声腔是其主体，因此研究中国戏曲音乐发展的历史，必先研究声腔发展史。在明、清时期，多种戏曲声腔的兴起、衍变和流传标志着我国戏曲艺术进入了空前繁荣和蓬勃发展的时期。通过对明、清两代戏曲四大声腔的流传及其衍变详细的梳理和考证，以期对我国戏曲音乐发展的源流有一个清晰的认识。

The Chinese opera is a comprehensive art. As viewed from music, tune pattern is its principal part. Therefore, we should first get to know the development of tune patterns if we want to have a clear idea of the history of Chinese opera. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, different kinds of opera tune patterns emerged, evolved and popularized, which manifests that the Chinese opera had ushered in its prime time of prosperity. In order to clarify this evolutionary process, we made a eomparative study of the four famous tune patterns in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, basing our discussion on textual materials and theoretical demonstrations.