项穆书法“三鉴”论辩

On Xiang Mu's Three Methods of Calligraphy Appreciation

明代书法家项穆,把书法鉴赏划分为三个层次,即耳鉴、目鉴、心鉴,并对三鉴范围分别作了界定,提出了批评。这在古典书论中是不可多得的。但由于历史的局限,项穆对三鉴的划分是含糊不清的,持论亦失之偏颇。本文对项氏的论点进行了修正和补充,以期有助于当今书法鉴赏问题的研究。

Calligraphist Xiang Mu in Ming Dynasty, divided calligraphy appreciation into 3 levels, named ear appreciation, eye appreciation and heart appreciation. However, his definition and distinction of the three methods to appreciate calligraphy is ambiguous prejudiced because of historical limitation. The paper tries to revise and amend his view, in order to inspire the research on calligraphy appreciation nowadays.