中国古代学校与选士关系的发展

An Analysis of the Relationship Between China Ancient Schools and Official Selecting

古代教育的宗旨就是培养统治阶级治国人才,必然与选拔官员的选士制度紧密联系。经历了汉代太学为选士的一个途径,唐代官学为科举的一个来源,宋代学校取士替代科举取士的尝试,到明清学校与科举的一体化,学校与选士的关系越来越密切,受选士的支配也越来越强化,乃至成为科举的预备场所,归根结蒂是服从于封建政治发展的需要,培养和选拔人才的要求仅在其次。近代政治形势和教育体制发生根本变化后,科举的废除就是必然的。

The tenet of ancient education was to cultivate management officials for the ruling class. Hence, ancient schools had much to do with official selecting systems. With the official selection through Taixue （the highest seat of learning） in Han Dynasty, Guanxue （imperial school） as the source of Keju （imperial examination） in Tang Dynasty, the replacement of selecting officals through Keju by selecting officials within schools in Song Dynasty, and the unity of schools and Keju in both Qing and Ming Dynasties, there developed a increasingly closer relationship between schools and official selection. Schools became more and more dominated by the official selection. Eventually schools became the preparation place for imperial examinations. The fundamental reason was that schools had to satisfy the need for the development of feudalistic politics. Therefore, the need to educate, cultivate and select intellectuals came second. With the thorough change of political environment and education system, the abolishment of Keju system was inevitable.