摘要
土壤有机养分源中的氮释放受许多因子的影响,如土壤温度和水分、有机物质的化学组成。在某种程度上,控制有机物质的化学组成可以增加氮释放和植物需求的同步性,而气候因子是不能控制的,因此在计划管理措施时要考虑这些因素。本文通过调节新鲜或预处理过的植物材料和牲畜粪肥的化学组成、施用时间以及有意分配,来探讨影响氮释放的不同途径。最后阐述提高氮利用率需要实施的农场外的(off-farm)的选择,尤其是对氮过剩的农业体系。
Nitrogen release from organic nutrient sources in soil is influenced by a range of factors such as soil temperature and moisture,and chemical composition of the organic material.Chemical composition can,to a certain degree,be controlled to increase the synchronization of nitrogen (N) release with plant N demand,whereas climatic factors cannot be controlled and so must be taken into account when planning management measures.In this paper,we discuss different ways to affect N release through manipulation of the chemical composition of fresh or pretreated plant materials and animal manures,timing of incorporation,and intentional distribution during application.We conclude by giving an overview of off-farm options that may need to be implemented to achieve improved use of N,especially in agricultural systems with surplus
