摘要
在对食物生产系统进行环境相关的系统分析中,消费者阶段(家庭运输、烹制、储存和损耗)是整个食物生命周期中对环境产生影响的一个重要因素。然而,家庭是食物链中调查最少的部分。对家庭信息的收集有很多困难,因为家庭数量庞大,同时与食物相关的活动通常会与其它家务劳动活动混合在一起。环境系统分析和消费者研究两领域研究人员相互合作,通过用问卷、日记和采访面谈的方式调查瑞典的家庭,收集了关于家庭食物运输和损耗的数据。每户每周的平均运输距离是28～63km不等,而这主要依靠怎样分配和其它差事相搭配的运输任务。调制食品时的损耗变化范围是0～34%,而不同类型的食品会有所不同。储存的损耗率为0～164%(因为有更多的食物被扔掉,如对食橱的清理,而不是消费)。在调制和储存两阶段中奶制品因损耗少而得分最高。
In environmental systems analysis of food production systems,the consumer phase (home transport,cooking,storing,and wastage) is an important contributor to the total life-cycle environmental impact.However,households are the least investigated part of the food chain. Information gathering about households involves difficulties;the number of households is large,and food-related activities are embedded in other household activities.In cooperation between researchers from environmental systems analysis and consumer research,Swedish households were surveyed by questionnaire,diary,and interviews.Data on home transport of food and wastage were collected.The average weekly driving distance was 28 to 63 km per household,depending on how trips made in conjunction with other errands are allocated. The wastage of prepared food ranged between 0 and 34% for different food categories,and wastage from storing between 0 and 164% (more food was discarded,e.g.by cleaning out a cupboard,than consumed).In both cases dairy products scored highest.
