摘要
农业生产系统的生态可持续性评估亟需一些有效工具。本文所描述的SALSA(可持续农业系统分析,Systems Analysis forSustainable Agriculture)是一种环境系统分析工具。它由各种物流模型构成,并运用生命周期评价法阐释模拟结果。SALSA的一个示范性应用案例就是3种不同的生猪养殖情景在各自能源投入以及对全球变暖、富营养化和酸化作用方面的环境影响的比较分析。其中综合了不含大豆粉的低蛋白食料、改良后的肥料管理技术、低氯损失的情景是全部影响分类研究中的最佳选择。SALSA模型的优势在于它捕捉不同管理选择的后果的能力,这些管理选择对一个农场的一些过程有某种影响。这也使得文中描述的复杂研究成为可能。
In order to assess the ecological sustainability of agricultural production systems,there is a need for effective tools.We describe an environmental systems analysis tool called SALSA (Systems Analysis for Sustainable Agriculture).It consists of substance/material flow models in which the simulation results are interpreted with lifecycle assessment methodology.The application of SALSA is demonstrated in a case study in which three different ways of producing pigs are compared with respect to energy input and the environmental impacts of global warming,eutrophication,and acidification.The scenario that combined a low-protein diet without soy meal with an improved manure-management technique with low nitrogen losses was the best for all impact categories studied.The strength of the SALSA models was their capacity to capture consequences of management options that had an influence on several processes on a farm,which enabled the type of complex studies we describe.