孝意识的时间分析

An Analysis of the Consciousness of Filial Piety through Time Horizon

孝爱是由社会与文化造成的、最能体现人性的特点而又需要在生活境域中被构成的一种人类现象。本文通过更改现象学时间视野来探讨孝爱意识如何生成的问题,达到以下一些结论:(1)孝意识之所以能够在人类的自然状态中比较普遍地出现,是由于人类的基本生存方式导致了人的内在时间视域(及相应的原发想像力)的深长化,由此而使得慈爱这在动物界也存在的生命现象能够在人类意识域中反激出回报的孝意识。(2)因此,孝与慈是同一个时间意识的生成结构导致的两种互补现象。(3)西方现象学的时间观虽然有重大创新,但它之所以总漏过孝爱意识,是由于它缺少《易》那样在“过去”与“将来”的相交与回旋中领会根本“时义”的思路。(4)在儒家看来,人首先不是(像海德格尔或其他一些西方当代思想家认为的)以个体的方式,而是凭借亲子之爱和世代延续的联系来真切地面对死亡与无常,由此而形成一切伦理与道德的关系。(5)孝爱意识只能被人生经验活生生地构成,不能仅靠服从规则或礼数而产生。“人生挫折”与“自己养儿育女”是成人抵御个体意识的分离效应而重获孝意识的两个时机。

Human babies depend on their parents much longer and more profoundly than that of other species. The parent-children relation deepens and prolongs human＇ s inner time consciousness as well as original imagination, which, being the matrix of meanings according to phenomenology, makes parental love be able to arouse a responding consciousness of filial piety, a unique human phenomenon among all animals. There is no awareness of filial piety＇s role even in phenomenology because of failing to understand the genetic ＂time meaning＂ in a radical interweaving of past and future. Human beings authentically face death/not primarily in an individualistic mode, as Heidegger believes, but through the relations between generations.