话语·权力·真理——社会正义与“话语的伦理”

Discourse,Power and Truth:Social Justice and "Ethics of Discourse"

“话语”的冲突是引发人与人,乃至种族、民族和国家间的敌意和仇恨的根本原因,社会的不公正也根本地表现于话语的强权和话语权的不平等。话语的统治必须以权力为后盾,而权力则必须通过话语来贯彻自身。哈贝马斯提出了“话语伦理学”的构想,认为要实现普遍的公正,消除当今世界严重存在的不平等,必须首先反对话语的霸权,在人际关系和国际关系中贯彻“交往理性”,将话语规范的恪守提升到社会伦理原则的高度,通过理性的交往和对话,达成广泛一致的“话语共识”,以解决矛盾、防止冲突、然而,哈贝马斯的这一构想却包含着明显的悖论。

The conflict of discourses is the fundamental cause of the hostility and enmity among persons, races, nations, and countries. The social injustice is also expressed simply by the hegemony of discourse and injustice of the right of discourse. The rule of discourse must have power at its back and power must realize itself by discourse. Jürgen Habermas presented the concept of ethics of discourse. He thought, to realize universal justice, to eliminate serious injustice in the world of today, and to resolve contradictions and avoid conflict, people must first of all oppose discursive hegemony, carry out communicative reason in interpersonal and international relationships, raise the abiding by discursive norms to the height of the principle of social ethic, and reach a broad discursive consensus through rational communications and dialogues. But unfortunately, this concept contains obvious paradox.