礼貌难以承受距离之近——兼评Leech的礼貌准则

Politeness Hardly Fail to Bear Social and Psychological Distance

在通常情况下,人们为了实现自己的交际目的,都会积极的创造一种和谐友好的交际环境。为了交际目的实现,礼貌原则就会被人们自觉或不自觉的运用到会话当中。但是无论什么原则都必须服从且服务于特定的交际目的。在这种情况下,礼貌原则有时候也无法照顾到双方的心理通融;在特定的场合中,人们还可以的使用该原则制造交流障碍,以期达到一定的目的。因此,礼貌从某种角度上说,实际上是拉开了会话者之间的心理距离。因为礼貌源于修养,修养注重正式的程度,而正式在一定的场合中,意味着距离,距离原生于陌生。礼貌原则的特定使用是使关系陌生化的一种有效的变通方式。

Generally speaking, participants tend to create harmonious relationship among themselves on whatever social occasions they are involved. In order to achieve successful communication, which is also manipulated by their individual intentions, consciously or not, participants will employ the principle of ＂politeness＂. At the same time, because of personal motives, politeness, sometimes, cannot satisfy each speaker. And even in some cases, politeness is also regarded as a barrier in further communication according to the speaker＇s tendency to keep psychological distance with other participants. At this moment, politeness becomes an instrument holding back the promotion of ＂ familiarity＂ between speakers. On more formal occasion, it pays more attention to social distance which means ＂strangeness＂. Politeness plays a valid role in creating strangeness.