本体论维度:“哥白尼式革命”

Ontological Dimension: "Copernicus' Revolution"

康德的“哥白尼式革命”不是认识论意义上的而是本体论意义上的思维方式变革。从认识论意义上讲,主体是指具有认识能力的理性存在者,他是信息的发送者,具有主动性、能动性,占据着主动地位,而客体在主客关系中被动地接受信息,主体客体的位置不能换。而在康德哲学中,对象要去符合的知识不是认识论意义上的主体在认识客体时所使用的知识,而是人在认识客体之前就拥有的先验知识。作为经验存在者,对象必须去适合的就是人作为理性存在者的这种先验存在方式,即先验知识。一切现实的对象都是先验知识构造的,这样,先验知识就成了本原,对象就成了派生物。所以对哥白尼式革命不应从认识论的角度去解读,而应从本体论的角度去解读。

Copernicus＇ Revolution of Kant is not a change in ideology but in ontology. The subject is a rational being and information transmitter with cognitive ability and initiative while the object receives information passively in the subject-object relation, which demonstrates that the subject and the object can not exchange their positions. In the Kant＇s theory, however, the knowledge the object needs to be in accordance with is not that the subject uses when he recognizes the object in ideology but that he possessed prior to his recognizing object. Any actual object is established by a priori knowledge, which makes a priori knowledge become the origin and the object becomes a derivative. So Copernicus＇ Revolution of Kant is not supposed to be interpreted according not to ideology but to ontology.