低出生体质量儿童认知能力和行为发育的研究

A study on cognitive and behavioral development in low birth weight children aged 2～3 years

目的 探讨低出生体质量对儿童认知能力和行为发育的影响。方法采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表（BSID）、2-3岁Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）和自编家庭一般环境问卷对50名2～3岁低出生体质量（LBW）儿童和380名正常出生体质量（NBW）儿童进行发育智商评定和行为问题调查。结果LBW组的智力发育指数（MDI）和运动发育指数（PDI）分别为（97．4±20．2）和（99．8±16．3），显著低于NBW组（P〈0．01，0．05），LBW组MDI〈85分者的比例为20％，显著高于NBW组的2％（P〈0．01）。②LBW组行为问题发生率为24％，NBW组为14．2l％，LBW组社交退缩的发生率为8％高于NBW组儿童，差异有显著性（P=0．02，），而NBW组儿童的睡眠障碍分[（2．74±2．50）分]高于LBW组[（2．10±1．85）分]，差异有显著性（P=0．031）。结论2～3岁LBW儿童的认知水平低于NBW儿童，易发生行为异常。

Objective To explore the cognitive and behavioral development in low birth weight children aged 2-3. Methods 50 low birth weight （LBW） children and 380 normal birth weight （NBW） children were investigated and assessed by Achenbach＇ s Children Behavior Checklist and Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Outcomes of these toddlers were also assessed with a self-made questionnaire of influential factors. Results ① LBW children were more likely to have lower mean MDI（97.4±20.2 vs 106.3±12.7） and lower mean PDI （99.8±16.3 vs 104.8±7.5） than NBW children. The proportion of LBW children whose MDI score lower than 85 was 20% and this proportion is higher than that of NBW children（ P〈0.01 ）.②The prevalence of behavior problems was 24% in LBW children and 14.21% in NBW children. The rate of social withdraw was 8% in LBW children and it is higher than that of NBW children （P=0.02）. Independent t-tests identified that NBW children had more scores of sleep problems（2. 74±2. 50 vs 2. 10±1. 85） than LBW children（P =0. 031）. Conclusion LBW Children were less cognitive ability than NBW children and they had high prevalence of behavior problems.