卫星编队飞行中相对轨道的J_2摄动分析

J_2 PERTURBATION ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE ORBITS IN SATELLITE FORMATION FLYING

详细分析了J2摄动对编队卫星相对轨道构形的影响． J2摄动对相对轨道的影响分为相对轨道构形的漂移、相对轨道平面的章动和进动．首先,分析了相对轨道构形漂移速度、章动角速度和进动角速度的一阶近似表达式的数量级及其影响因素．其次,给出一个准则,来判断同一相对轨道的漂移和转动之间的关系．最后, 利用该准则,分析了主、从星的轨道根数差对相对轨道的漂移和转动的影响．

J2 perturbation has a great effect on the relative motion of low-earth orbiting satellites in formation flying and has effect on lives of satellites directly. J2 perturbation makes the relative orbit drift in the in-track direction, nutation or procession. Firstly, this paper investigates the magnitudes of the first order approximations and influencing factors for drift rate, nutation rate and procession rate. Secondly, a rule is given to estimate the relationship of drift and rotation for a relative orbit. Finally, using the rule, effects of the differences in orbital elements of leading satellite and following satellite on the drift and rotation of the relative orbit are investigated. The conclusions in the paper could be as the reference to determine initial orbital elements of satellites formation design when considering J2 perturbation.