红树植物耐盐机理研究进展

Advances in Salt-Tolerance Mechanism of Mangrove

从形态、生理生化和分子水平综述了红树植物的耐盐机理。红树植物具有盐腺、叶片肉质化等形态特征,通过离子选择性积累、盐分区域化、泌盐和拒盐等机制降低体内的盐分浓度,积累或合成渗透调节物质(主要是松醇和甘露醇)来维持渗透平衡,增强抗氧化系统以清除活性氧。在分子水平上,红树植物的耐盐能力与参与合成渗透调节物质关键酶和抗氧化酶等基因的表达相关。

This article summarized some research progresses of salt tolerance in mangrove species at morphology, physiology and biochemistry, and molecular levels. Mangrove species have salt glands and their leaves become succulent. They avoid heavy salt loads through a combination of selective accumulation of ions, ion compartmentalization, salt excretion and sah exclusion, accumulation or synthesis compatible solutes which are mainly pinitol and mannitol for maintaining osmotic balance, and promotion of antioxidative to scavenge reactive oxygen species. At molecular level, salt-tolerance of mangrove phants is involved in gene expression of key enzymes in biosynthesis of osmotic substances and antioxidative enzymes.