陀螺内部摩擦对旋转物体等效原理检验的影响

Influence of the gyroscope internal friction on the equivalence principle test of extended rotating bodies

利用角动量定理对实验采用的电磁驱动机械陀螺的内部摩擦力矩进行测量,分析了这一摩擦力矩对宏观旋转物体等效原理扭秤方案检验的影响,并就此提出了几项改善措施.实验结果表明:该摩擦力矩正比于陀螺的角速度,当陀螺旋转的角速度达到17 000 r/min时,陀螺内部摩擦力矩达到1×10-4N.m,这一大小对宏观旋转物体等效原理检验扭秤方案的预期精度给出了严格限制.

It is an open problem for the equivalence principle of extended rotating bodies. It is significant for equivalence principle test for extended rotating bodies with a torsion balance to measure the internal friction torque of a gyroscope. On the basis of the angular moment law, experimental result showed that the friction torque of the mechanical gyroscope was proportional to its rotating angular speed, and arrived at 1 × 10^-4 N · m as its angular speed was about 17 000 r/min. A restrict limitation for expected precision of equivalence principle test of extended rotating bodies with a torsion balance was set.