论文明的冲突与文明的对话——从梁漱溟的观点评亨廷顿的文明冲突论

Intercultural Communication and Sense of Mission- A Criticism of Huntington's Clash of Civilizations

每一种文化都把自己视为世界的中心,把自己的历史置于人类历史舞台的中央。与其他文明相比,西方文明可能更是如此。这也是不同文明间冲突的根源。哲学家福山(FrancisFukuyama)提出的历史终结论,视西方政治体系为绝对真理,无可选择地凌驾于不同的文化体系之上。这种观点令人质疑,同时也是非常危险的。以“物理”或理智的行动,传教式地殖入所谓“比较高层次的文明”,无助于化解文明的冲突,相反会强化文明间的对立。只有通过“情理”的对话,即以同一层次的对话达到相互的理解,作为解决争端的基础,才能实现不同文明的和平共处和彼此丰富。

Every culture reflects itself as the focus of the world and describes its history as the central drama of mankind history. This fits maybe more to Western than to other cultures. It is doubtful and dangerous to describe the Western culture as the end of the historical development, as Francis Fukuyama did. Fukuyama has the opinion that the Western political system represents the absolute final point which is without alternatives for all mankind of different cultures. This attitude creates disharmony and struggle between the cultures and legitimates the overwhelming position of Western culture and its ambition to rule the life style of other civilizations. Instead of enrich each other by living in peaceful exchange, learning and studying the ideals, art and culture of the other culture, there exist misunderstanding, struggle and catastrophes. But only dialogue can prevent catastrophes. Finally the dialogue between the cultures should work without conditions of dominance and pressure. To have mutual respect must be achieved as a fundament for peaceful dialogue. On this way human being becomes an essential subject and not an instrument of each other.