略论走马楼吴简中的户品

On the Grades of Families Seen in the Sun-Wu Slips Unearthed at Zoumalou

吴简中的普通民户按财产分为上品、中品和下品三个等级,而一些赤贫户则被划在这三个等级之外,称为“下品之下”。吴简中的“调”,情况比较复杂,目前既无资料证明吴简中大量存在的调布、调麻、调皮等记录与户品有关,也没有证据证明户分九品之说。当时“下品”及“下品之下”户非常贫穷,官府可能有意安排这些民户从事“给吏”、“给卒”之类特殊徭役并减免其赋税负担。起初未必有歧视他们的用意,但具有特殊意义的“吏户”、“兵户”,可能却由此在三国后期逐渐形成。

In Sun-Wu Kingdom, the ordinary families were divided into three grades according to their riches; the uppergrade, the middle-grade and the low-grade. The poorest families were excluded from the three grades, and were regarded as ＂the families below the low grade＂. In the Sun-Wu slips, we have not found any relation between the diao taxes and the grades of families, and not found any evidence to prove the existence of nine grades of families. The families of the lowgrade and the the families below the low-grade were very poor, so the authorities likely apportioned them to undertake special corvee such as inferior officials or soldiers and relieved them of taxes. The authorities did not discriminate against them at first, but the ＂families of inferior officials or soldiers＂ with special signification had come into being gradually based on such corvee by the later period of the Three Kingdom.