诗人高启之死与明初江南文祸

The Death of the Poet Gao Qi and the Writing Cases of South Yangtze River in Ming Dynasty

诗人高启死于非命有多方面原因。世谓其诗作《宫女图》暗讽宫闱密事而招来杀身之祸,纯属穿凿之谈。明初复杂的政治环境让诗人产生了惶恐无助的心态,随之其辞官不就的行为,被朱元璋视为不与新王朝合作的举措。“魏观案”事发后,高启诗文中某些触犯忌讳的语句让明太祖动了杀机。朱元璋制造这起骇人听闻的惨案,还希望警告那些仍然感怀于元朝与张士诚政权仁泽的江南士子。此心愿落空后,明太祖屡兴文祸,使用暴力手段镇压不与新王朝合作的士子。从这个意义上讲,高启之死可谓明初江南文祸的滥觞。

The unnatural death of the poet Gao Qi had various reasons. It was not true that his poem , ＂ Picture of the Palace Female＂ , satirized the taboo of palace , which led to his fatal disaster. The poet＇s mood of terrified worry and the behavior of the resigned officials in the complex political environment of early Ming Dynasty had been regarded as a confron tation action against new dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang. After ＂ Wei Guan case＂, some lines of taboo in Gao Qi＇s works somewhat promoted Zhu Yuanzhang to produce the opinion of killing him. From the miserable case , Zhu Yuanzhang hoped to warn those scholars in south Yangtze River who still thought fondly of Yuan Dynasty and Zhang Shicheng＇ s regime. After this wish failed, Zhu Yuanzhang began violent means to suppress the scholars ＇ words and deeds of the confrontation action against new dynasty. Seen from this way, the death of Gao Qi was the first one of the writing cases of South Yangtze River in Ming Dynasty.