论沃勒斯坦的现代化思想

On the Modernization Thought of Wallerstein

沃勒斯坦的世界体系理论打破了西方现代社会发展理论的主流学派———经典现代化理论与非主流学派———依附论之间的二元对立,具有“融合性”的特征。这种“融合”主要表现在沃勒斯坦对资本主义的矛盾态度上:一方面,他吸收、借用非主流派的概念体系和理论模型,对资本主义进行激烈地批判,并努力构想一个社会主义的新体系来取而代之;另一方面,他又论证了资本主义的长期性、稳定性和不可避免性,从而与主流派达成了共识。但融合的尝试只成功了一半,由于其对现代化和资本主义的片面理解和不适当的否定,沃勒斯坦在重建现代性时陷进重重矛盾,最终步入历史悲观主义、怀疑论的误区。

Immaneul Wallerstein was the founder of world-system theory, which gained popularity in the western academic circles. What＇s decisive for this was the essential characteristic of the theory： integration, which means the integration of modernization theory and dependence theory. The so-called integration was embodied mainly in the ambivalent attitude Wallerstein holds on capitalism： on the one hand, he absorbed the study paradigm of dependence theory to criticize capitalism fiercely, and tried to conceive of a new sociology system to replace it; on the other hand, he approved unconsciously the persistance, stability, and inescapability of capitalism, which coincided with the proposition of modernization theory. However, Wallerstein＇s integrative attempt simply made a hit halfway. On restructuring modernity, Wallerstein got into contradictions and stepped into history pessimism and skepticism.