他们在担心什么:风险与保障视角中的农民问题

The Farmer’s Issue from the Perspective of the Social Insurance: What Are Their Main Concerns?

我国农民大部分已经解决温饱问题,但多种风险形式的威胁,特别是疾病与医疗、子女学费压力等,很有可能使农民重新陷入生活无着的贫困境地。以风险与保障视角来分析农民问题会发现,传统的家庭保障和土地保障已难以规避市场经济条件下农民所面临的巨大风险,它们有可能累积成社会风险并威胁农村甚至整个社会的稳定;农民对农村社会保障的制度需求非常迫切,包括针对贫困问题的最低生活保障制度和农村扶贫开发项目,以及帮助农民减小甚至消除疾病的医疗保障和老年生活风险的养老保障制度。

Largely, majority of farmers have solved the food-and-clothing problems in China. However, many uncertainties are likely to make them face almost fatal risks, such as diseases and galloping costs of children’s education, which tends to bring them into poverty again. It is not difficult to see that the traditional ways relying on the family and land cannot play a role in a market-oriented economy. Moreover, the risks may accumulate and shake the stability of the whole society. It is urgent to set up new social security system, including minimum life guarantee, poverty alleviation, medical services, and pension for aged, etc. in the countryside