强行法在国际商事仲裁中的适用

On the Application of Jus Cogens in International Commercial Arbitration

意思自治原则允许合同当事人选择支配其合同的实体法。在国际商事仲裁领域,仲裁员能否适用当事人所没有选择的相关强行法,理论认识中还存在分歧。从国际实践来看,合同履行地国的强行法被认为是与合同的联系更为密切,从而能够在仲裁中得以适用。强行法在国际商事仲裁中的适用是个不争的事实。在适用强行法方面,仲裁员的主要作用在于界定实体法,确定合同履行地及仲裁裁决实施地,甄别、解释有关的强行性法律。而强行法的适用同样有其特定的冲突规范,强行法在国际商事仲裁领域中的适用,构成对当事人选择支配合同实体法的自由的一个限制。

The theory of autonomy of parties allows the contracting parties to choose the substantive law to govern their contract. In international commercial arbitrations, it is still controversial in theory whether to apply or consider the relevant jus cogens （peremptory norm） that is not subject to the disposition of the contracting parties. In international practice, the jus cogens of the state, where the contract is performed, is deemed to have close ties with contracts and can be invoked in arbitrations. The fact is that jus cogens is applied in international commercial arbi- trations. While applying jus cogens, arbitrators are ＇mainly concerned with delineating substantial law, determining the place of performance of a contract and the place of arbitration, choosing and interpreting the respective jus cogens. Indeed, the application of jus cogens has special rules in the sense of conflict of laws. The fact that jus cogens is applied in international commercial arbitrations places restrictions on the right of the parties to freely choose substantive law governing their contract.