中国传统儒家知识论之当代意蕴

The Meaning of the Traditional Confucian Epistemology in Modern Society

西方当代批评学派(包括女性主义)对西方传统之知识论提出了质疑,反思的问题指向了当代批评学派构思中的新知识论,甚至伦理。新知识论强调主体的价值取向(善)与知识(真)的关系,以及重新厘订“客观性”的涵义;同时关注知识主体(人)与知识客体(自然与社会)之间的权力关系。然而中国传统的理性之知(真)及德性之知(善),被视为相通及相辅相成的,“穷理格物”、“格物致知”比西方传统知识论有丰富的涵义;人与自然同出一源,“人同此心、心同此理”的超越性思考打破了西方式认知中“主体—客体”的二元格局;儒家“道德理性”中知识主体同时超然同时受场境影响的特殊活动,有别于西方传统知识论中强调的“客观性”。中国哲学关于知识的思考涉及“前理性”的思维方式以及“体性存有”。

The epistemology in traditional Confucianism has long been ignored, while the absence of science in Chinese culture has always been ascribed to the lack of epistemology in Confucianism. In this paper, the author compares the new epistemology of modern criticism school and the thinking of cognition in traditional China, and indicates the referential value in the latter. After a brief elucidation of the oppugnation to the traditional western epistemology recently and the new epistemology, the author will focus on the main roots and features of the epistemology in traditional Confucianism, and points out its usefulness in adjusting and completing the human beings＇ new cognitive direction.