纳米复合含能材料的几种液相制备方法

Review on Methods of Preparing Nanocomposites Energetic Materials in Liquid Phase

综述了四种液相制备纳米复合含能材料的方法:溶胶凝胶法、喷雾法、沉淀法和冷冻干燥法,并介绍了用CO2超临界溶液的快速膨胀(RESS)工艺和用CO2超临流体代替沉淀剂的压缩流体反抽提沉淀(PCA)工艺。溶胶凝胶法主要用于制备金属氧化物为基的纳米复合含能材料;喷雾干燥法和RESS工艺主要用于制备含能材料和纳米金属颗粒组成的复合物;沉淀法适用于氧化剂/金属燃料和炸药/金属燃料两种纳米复合物的制备,PCA工艺主要用于后一种纳米复合物的制备;冷冻干燥法主要用于制备无机氧化剂和纳米金属颗粒组成的复合物;举例说明了Fe2O3/Al纳米复合物、NH4ClO4/Al纳米复合物的制备以及纳米复合含能材料的应用。

Several methods of preparing nanocomposites energetic materials in liquid phase by using sol-gel chemistry, spray route, precipitation and freeze-drying are reviewed. Metal-oxide-based nanocomposites energetic materials are prepared mainly by sol-gel, and the preparation of Fe2O3/Al nanocomposites is illustrated. Spray route including spray drying and Rapid Expansion of Supercritifal Solution （RESS） instead of solvent with CO2 supercritical fluids are introduced, mainly by which nanocomposites with energetic materials and nanostructured metal particles are prepared. Precipitation and Compressed Fluid Antisolvent （PCA） instead of precipitation reagent with CO2 supercritical fluids are also given. Composites with inorganic oxidizer and nanostructured metal particles are prepared by freeze-drying,and NH4 ClO4/Al nanocomposites is illustrated.