粉条儿菜和肺筋草的考释

The botanical identification of Fentiao’er Cai and Feijin Cao in Chinese ancient literature

现代植物学文献多将Aletris中文名确定为粉条儿菜属,或粉条儿菜属与肺筋草属并用。本文根据古籍中的图、文以及地理分布的考证,确认粉条儿菜一名最早见于《救荒本草》,实为菊科Compositae鸦葱属Scorzonera植物。日本人最早将粉条儿菜鉴定为AletrisjaponicaLamb.(=A.spicata),松村任三沿袭,中国大多数植物分类学著作从之,这是错误的。首次记载于《植物名实图考》中的肺筋草才是Aletris属植物。《救荒本草》中的粉条儿菜应为华北鸦葱ScorzoneraalbicaulisBunge,《植物名实图考》中的肺筋草应为AletrisscopulorumDunn,而非A.spicata(Thunb.)Franch.。

In the majority of modem Chinese botanical literature, either Fentiao＇er Cai, a Chinese name first appearing in Chiu Huang Pen Ts＇ao, or Feijin Cao, a Chinese name first appearing in Chi-wu-ming-shi-t＇u-K＇ao, or both, have been used as the Chinese generic name of Aletris （Liliaceae）. A comprehensive analysis of the descriptions, accompanying figures, morphology and geographical distribution of Fentiao＇er Cai and Feijin Cao given in ancient Chinese literature and modem taxonomic literature has shown that Fentiao＇er Cai should be Scorzonera albicaulis （Compositae）, not Aletris japonica Lamb. （=A. spicata） as first proposed by Japanese botanists and then followed by most of the Chinese researchers, and that Feijin Cao should be Aletris scopulorum, not A. spicata.