薄膜温室葡萄花芽分化规律的研究

Studies on the floral bud differentiation of grapes grown in greenhouse

通过对薄膜温室2～4年生巨峰、无核白鸡心葡萄整个生育期花芽分化的观察,研究薄膜温室葡萄花芽分化的规律。结果表明,巨峰与无核白鸡心在早期升温条件下,花芽分化比例低,二轴分化程度较浅,不能形成完整的花芽;花芽的形成与树体的营养状况有关。花芽分化开始时磷素水平下降明显,蛋白质含量也有下降,二轴分化期后开始回升,磷素水平也显著提高;更新后花芽的分化与叶龄有关,当叶龄达15d时,开始出现花序原基,叶龄达27d时出现二轴分化期,二轴分化盛期为叶龄46d,花芽分化率平均为91.1%。温室巨峰、无核白鸡心葡萄栽培时,花芽需要靠更新后的新梢形成,因此,加强更新后的新梢管理是达到稳产的关键。

The studies on flower bud differentiation of grapes in the greenhouse were conducted by observing the differentiation of flower bud at the whole growth period of 2-year-old to 4-year-old vines of Kyoho and Centennial Seedless cultivars. The results showed that： the proportion of differentiation was lower, the degree of primordial differentiation of second branch was not fully developed, and the flower bud was not formed completely under the condition of raising the temperature at the earlier time for both cuhivars. The flower bud formation was related to the nutrient status of the vines. At the beginning of the differentiation the phosphorus dropped significantly, and content of proteins tended to drop and increase after primordial differentiation of second branch. The content of phosphorus increased remarkably. The differentiation of flower bud was related to the leaf＇s age after renewed. The inflorescence primordial started to emerge while the leaf age was 15 d, and leaf age at 27 d was the beginning of primordial differentiation, of second branch and the full stage observed on the 46th day of leaf age. The average proportion of differentiation was 91.1%. The flower bud formation of Kyoho and Centennial Seedless cultivars grown in greenhouse needs the renewal of the shoots. It＇s important to improve the management of shoots after renewed to get a stable production.