我国果树生产中的立体污染及其防治

Policies and measures for prevention and control of tri-dimensional pollution in orchards

对我国农业环境污染问题的严重性进行了分析,阐明了农业环境污染问题已成为制约和困扰我国农业可持续发展的最大障碍。运用农业立体污染防治的新观念,对我国果园立体污染问题进行了探讨。果园不合理使用农药、化肥等造成农药漂移和氮素养分流失,构成了农业立体污染的重要组成部分,特别是在集约化程度较高的果区,腐烂果和病虫残枝的污染也相当严重。防治果园立体污染的基本对策是:建立和完善“果园立体污染”防治法规、政策和果园环境质量监控体系,以环境友好的技术模式示范基地,带动果园生态种植与环境综合整治。

Agro-environment pollution is an important problem existed in the agricultural development in China. The interaction of pollutants from all sources makes the agro-ecosystem a complicated tri-dimensional compound pollution. It has become a key obstacle that restricts the development of agriculture and rural agro-economy. Following the newly-proposed concept of prevention and treatment of agricultural tri-dimensional pollution, the polluted state is analyzed in this paper. It is believed that the unreasonable application of pesticides, fungicides, chemical fertilizers and the leaching nitrogen caused the pollution in orchards. The pollution occurs more severely, especially in the area with a highly intensive production, by rotten fruit and morbid twig residues, The general countermeasures to prevent and treat the agricultural tri-dimensional pollution in orchards are to set up a monitoring and prevention system, and set up statute and policy system on producing environment. Establishing environment-friendly demonstrated base to drive a better producing area synthetically and to actualize the ecological farming are necessary.