同源四倍体皇家嘎拉苹果的生长结果特性

Growth and fruit characteristics of autotetraploid plants of Royal Gala apple

皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体是一个由皇家嘎拉苹果二倍体经诱变处理获得的品系。为了解皇家嘎拉苹果四倍体与二倍体对照植株在生长结果特性方面的差异,取2种果树的接穗高接到10年生大树上,在植株结果后进行了调查研究。结果表明,由皇家嘎拉苹果二倍体诱变成的同源四倍体植株在高接后第3年开始结果,其花萼、花瓣、雌蕊、雄蕊及花药比对照大;叶片变宽,叶柄和果柄变短粗;单果大,种子数少,果形指数小,果实可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量增高;其节间长、叶长及果肉硬度与二倍体则无显著差异。

The autotetraploid of Royal Gala apple （Malus domestica Borkh.） was a strain generated from its diploid plant. In order to understand their difference in growth and fruit characteristics, the scions from the two kinds of plant were grafted onto the 10-year-old apple trees, investigation were carried out after the trees began to bear fruit. The results indicated that the autotetraploid plants generated from the diploid plant of Royal Gala cuhivar began to bear fruit at the third year, its calyx, petal, pistil, stamen, anther and leaf breadth were bigger, leaf stalk and fruit stalk were shorter and thicker, fruit was bigger with fewer seeds and small fruit shape index, contents of soluble solids, total sugar and titratable acid were higher than those of diploid plants ; its interstem, leaf length and fruit firmness were not significant different from those of diploid plants.