人心和山羊心脏上、下腔静脉肌袖大体解剖

Gross anatomy of the cardiac muscle sleeves of superior and inferior vena cava in human hearts and goats hearts

目的:观测人和山羊上、下腔静脉肌袖结构特点,为治疗局灶性心房颤动积累解剖学资料。方法:采用大体解剖方法观测人心(20例)和羊心(40例)的上、下腔静脉及其表面的心肌纤维。结果:人心上腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(1.91±0.39)cm、(2.41±0.26)cm,下腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(1.32±0.32)cm,(3.06±0.52)cm;羊心上(前)腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(1.41±1.00)cm、(1.05±0.26)cm,下(后)腔静脉肌袖的长和宽分别为(0.81±0.48)cm,(1.03±0.28)cm。人和羊心脏的上腔静脉肌袖出现率均为100%;下腔静脉肌袖的出现率分别为88.89%和98%。肌纤维多数来源于右心房前后壁,也有来自于左心房或左右心房的。结论:①上腔静脉肌袖是人和羊普遍存在的解剖结构,人的下腔静脉肌袖出现率明显低于羊,可能是上腔静脉肌袖引起局灶性心房颤动多于下腔静脉肌袖的解剖学基础。②上腔静脉肌袖是构成左右房的又一重要通路。

Objoctive： To observe the features of the cardiac muscle sleeves （CMS） of superior vena cava （SVC） and inferior vean （IVC） in the human hearts and goat hearts,and some anatomic data were analyzed for the treatment of focal atrial fibrillation, Methods： The morphology of SVC and IVC and the morphologic change of their myocardial fiber on human hearts （n=20） and goat hearts （n=40） was observed and measured. The CMS length of human SVC was about （1.91±0.39）cm,the width was about （2.41±0.47）cm.The CMS length of IVS was （0.81±0.58）cm,while the width was （3.06±0.52）cm. The CMS length of goats＇ SVC was （1.41±1.00）cm,the width was （1.05±0.26）cm.The CMS length of IVS was （1.32±0.32）cm,the width was （1.03±0.28）cm, The finding rate of CMS in human and in goats＇ was 100%,the rate in human IVS was 88.89%, and 98% in goats＇.Most muscle fiber came form the right atrium anterior and the posterior wall,and some from the left atrium or the left and right atrium together, Conclusions：①The CMS of SVC and IVC is an anatomic structure and always exist in human hearts and goat hearts. The CMS of IVS in human apparently less than those of goat hearts, maybe that is the anatomic basis which focal atrial fibrillation was induced by CMS of SVC more than IVS. ②The vena eava muscle sleeves is one of important connect pathway between left and right artium.