葫芦岛市农村汉族儿童身体发育的Heath-Carter体型法评估(英文)

Assessment on physical development of Han children in rural area of Huludao city with Heath-Carter somatotype method

背景:研究儿童体质发育及体型的方法很多,其中Heath-Carter体型法是一种综合评价身体形态的方法,该方法从几十项身体测量指标中精选出10项作为评价发育与体型的指标。目的:分析葫芦岛市农村汉族儿童的体型发育规律和特点,为体质人类学补充必要的数据。设计:以正常儿童为调查对象,横断面调查。单位:锦州医学院解剖学教研室。对象:按整群分层抽样法,抽取2001-07/2003-09葫芦岛市绥中县明水乡中心小学7～10岁经学校正常体质检查证明身体健康的汉族学生为检测对象,按性别分两大组,每大组按年龄分4小组,每岁为一组,每小组46～63名,共分8组,搜集完整资料408名(男213名,女195名)。方法:采用Heath-Carter体型法,每项指标测量2次,取平均值,10项指标由专人负责,测试数据按年龄和性别在微机中建立数据库,依次计算出各年龄组的内因子、中因子和外因子,体型图上的X,Y坐标值,身高/体质量1/3,样本中平均体型点到所有体型点空间距离的均数,三维空间中两个体型点间的差异,体脂百分比和各类体型分布频数。主要观察指标:身高、体质量、上臂紧张围、小腿围、肱骨和股骨内外上髁间径、肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶、腓肠肌皮褶。结果:参加调查408名,均进入结果分析。①7～10岁儿童身高、体质量随年龄的增加而增长,身高/体质量13/指数7,8,10岁女孩>男孩,9岁男孩>女孩,这与八九岁男孩身高增长(5.61cm)比女孩(3.88cm)较多有关。体脂含量女孩>男孩。3个体型值中男孩在3.2～3.9,2.3～2.6,3.0～3.4,女孩在3.5～4.6,1.9～2.6,3.3～3.5,所以男女以内因子、外因子为主,女孩内因子>男孩,说明葫芦岛市农村儿童体内脂肪含量相对较高,身体相对瘦高程度较好,骨骼肌肉欠发达,并且女孩的皮下脂肪更丰富。男女各年龄组间体型比较,7～,8～,9～,10～11岁三维空间中两个体型点间的差异值分别为0.46,0.68,1.03,0.61,除7～岁组外,其余各年龄组男女间体型差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②葫芦岛市农村汉族男孩的平均体型值为3.4-2.5-3.2,属中间型,女孩平均体型值为4.0-2.3-3.4,属偏外胚层的内胚层体型。男孩和女孩的内因子和外因子占优势,中因子值偏低,随着年龄的增长,体型频数不断变化。③与国内外资料相比,葫芦岛市农村汉族儿童内因子偏高,中因子偏低,外因子相差不多。结论:葫芦岛市农村汉族儿童体脂发育较好,身材修长,但骨骼肌肉欠发达,儿童的体型发育随年龄呈多变倾向。

BACKGROUND： There are many methods for investigating the physical development and the somatotype of child. Among them, Heath-Carter somatotype method is a comprehensive evaluation method on somatotype. In this method, 10 items of anthropometric indicators are selected from several dozens of items as assessment indicators for development and somatotype. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the rules and characteristics of somatotype development of Han children in rural area of Huludao city, so as to supplement the essential data for physical anthropology. DESIGN： Normal children were chosen as the subjects, and crosssectional investigation was carried out. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： With cluster sampling, the Han children between 7 to 10 years old were selected from central primary school of Mingshuixiang Village of Suizhong County of Huludao city from July 2001 to September -2003. All the selected children should be verified healthy by physical examination at school. The children were divided into two groups according to gender, and each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to age, with 46 to 63 members in each group. There were 8 groups altogether. Complete data of 408 children were collected （male 213, female 195）. METHODS： Each indicator was measured twice with Heath-Carter somatotype method and selected the average value. Specialists were responsible for the 10 indicators, and a database was established in computer according to age and gender. Calculated the following indicators in turn： endomorphic factor, mesomorphic factor and ectomorphic factor, coordinate values of X and Y on somatotype chart, Height/Weight^1/3, mean of dimensional distances from the average somatotype to all somatotypes in the sample, difference between the two somatotypes in three-dimensional space, percentage of body fat and frequency distribution of each somatotype. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Height, body mass, upper arm circumference, calf circumference, intracondylar diameters of humerus and femur, skinfold of brachial triceps, subscapular skinfold, skinfold of anterosuperior iliae spine, skinfold of gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS： All the 408 children entered results analysis.①Height and body mass of 7 to 10 year old children increased as age went up, indicators of Height/Weight^1/3 of 7,8,10 year old girls were higher than boys, that of 9 years old boys was higher than girls, which were related to that the growth of height of 8 ＆ 9 year old boys （5.61 era） was more than girls （3.88 cm）. The content of body fat of girls was more than boys. The 3 somatotype values were 3.2-3.9, 2.3-2.6 and 3.0-3.4 in boys and 3.5-4.6, 1.9-2.6 and 3.3-3.5 in girls, so endomorphic factor and ectomorphic factor were the main factors both in girls and boys, and endomorphic gene in girls was higher than boys, which indicated that the content of body fat of rural children in Hulutao city was relatively high, their bodies were finely high and thin, their skeletal muscle was not so muscular and the hypodermic fat in girls was more abundant. Seen from the comparison of somatotype between boys and girls in each age group, the differences between two somatotypes in the three dimensional space of 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-11 year old groups were 0.46, 0.68, 1.03 and 0.61 respectively, except 7-year old group, there were significant differences in somatotype of boys and girls between each age groups （P 〈 0.01）. ②The average value of somatotype of Han boys in rural area was 3.4-2.5-3.2, which belonged to medial type; that of girls was 4.0-2.3-3.4, which beg, longed to ectomorphic endomorphic type. Endomorphie factor and ectomorphic factor were the dominant factors both in boysand girls, whereas mesomorphic factor was relatively low; the frequency of somatotype kept changing as the increase of age. ③Compared with the data at home and abroad, the endomorphic factor of the Han children in rural area in Huludao City was relatively high, while the mesomorphie factor was relatively low, and the ectomorphic factor was almost the same. CONCLUSION： The somatotype of Han children in rural area in Huludao City develops better. Their heights are tall, whereas their skeletal muscles are not so muscular. Somatotype development of children is diversified with age.