中国竞技健美运动员身体成分调查分析

The Investigation of Body Composition of Chinese Athletic Bodybuilders

目的:研究我国竞技健美运动员身体成分的特点,为我国竞技健美运动的发展及增强国民体质提供研究和实践参考。方法:采用生物电阻抗法,对参加2004年全国健美锦标赛和全国健身先生、健身小姐大赛的168名运动员进行体成分测试,并按照性别、项目以及参赛级别的不同进行统计分析。结果:(1)与成年男子健美组小级别运动员相比,中级别运动员体脂百分比无明显增加(P>0.05),但是瘦体重和体液总量明显增加(P<0.01);与前两者相比,大级别运动员体脂百分比、瘦体重以及体液总量均明显增加(P<0.01)。(2)健身先生组运动员与成年男子健美组中级别运动员相比,体脂百分比无明显变化(P>0.05),但瘦体重和体液总量明显减小(P<0.01)。(3)与成年女子健美组小级别运动员相比,大级别运动员和健身小姐组运动员体脂百分比增加不多(P>0.05),但瘦体重和体液总量明显增加(P<0.05)。

Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the body composition of Chinese athletic bodybuilders in order to promote bodybuilding and people＇s physical fitness. Methods The body composition of 168 bodybuilders who attended 2004 national bodybuilding tournament and Mister Fitness and Miss Fitness game were detected by bioelectrical impedence analysis （ BIA）, and data were analyzed according to gender, competition item and weight category. Results （1） The percentage of body fat （% BF） of male middle - weight bodybuilders was not significantly higher than that of light - weight bodybuilders （ P 〉 0.05）, but lean body weight （LBW） and total body water （TBW） increased significantly （P 〈 0.01）. %BF, LBW and TBW of heavy - weight bodybuilders were significantly higher than that of middle - weight and light - weight bodybuilders （P 〈 0.01）. （2）% BF of Mister Fitness had no difference as compared with that of male middle- weight bodybuilders （ P 〉 0.05）, whereas LBW and TBW decreased significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ）. （3） % BF of female heavy - weight bodybuilders and Miss Fitness had no significant difference as compared with that of light - weight bodybuilders （ P 〉 0.05）, whereas LBW and TBW increased significantly （ P 〈 0.01 ）.