秦岭川金丝猴的昼间活动时间分配

Diurnal activity budgets of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the Qinling Mountains of China

1999年12月至2004年11月,通过野外直接跟踪观察,采用焦点取样和瞬时记录的方法,对秦岭川金丝猴西梁猴群的昼间活动时间分配进行了研究。将川金丝猴的昼间活动定义为摄食、休息、理毛、移动和其他行为5种类型,结果发现:川金丝猴昼间活动中有两个摄食高峰,分别在每天的上午和下午,中午有一个较长时间的休息期。川金丝猴昼间的主要行为类型是摄食和休息(约占全部活动时间的62%),各种行为依所占时间比例依次为:摄食(34·64±1·70%)、休息(26·83±1·69%)、理毛(11·58±0·96%)、移动(18·93±1·08%)和其他行为(8·02±0·82%)。在不同季节各种行为类型所占时间比例有明显的变化,表现为摄食和休息行为占昼间活动时间比例在夏(75·00%)、秋季(74·15%)大于春(52·74%)、冬季(56·64%);而移动、理毛和其他行为所占时间比例之和在夏(25·00%)、秋季(25·85%)则明显小于冬(43·4%)、春季(47·3%)。不同季节间的活动时间分配经非参数检验(Kruskal WallisHtest,N=199),理毛行为(x2=11·438,df=3,P<0·05)有显著差异,摄食(x2=20·469,df=3,P<0·01)、休息(x2=27·235,df=3,P<0·01)、移动(x2=24·110,df=3,P<0·01)和其他行为(x2=60·810,df=3,P<0·01)季节间差异非常显著;除摄食行为外,其余各行为类型的时间分配在不同性别-年龄组间也存在显著差异(P<0·05)。

The diurnal activity budgets of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys （ Rhinopithecus roxellana） in Yuhuangmiao, Qinling Mountains, were observed using a modified version of traditional focal and instantaneous sampling between December 1999 and November 2004. Monkeys spent the majority of their time feeding and resting, 34. 64% and 26. 83% of all activities respectively. The other activities were grooming （11.58%）, locomotion （18.93%） and other behaviors （8.02%）. Time, season and age-sex class were observed to influence the activity budgets of the subjects. Feeding activity of the study group showed two peaks, one in the early morning （8 ： 00 - 10 ： 00）, and the other in the afternoon （ 16 ： 00 - 18 ： 00）. A resting peak was observed around noon （ 12 ： 00 - 14 ： 00）. A greater proportion of time was spent feeding and resting in the summer （75.00%） and autumn （74. 15% ） than in the spring （52.74%） and winter （56. 64% ）. Juveniles and infants spent more time in locomotion and other behaviors than did adult subjects. Kruskal-Wallis H test of various activities showed a significant difference in feeding, resting, locomotion and other behaviors （P 〈 0. 01 ）, and in grooming （P 〈 0. 05） among seasons. For each age-sex class, only feeding behavior showed no significant difference （ P 〉 0. 05） among seasons, the other activities showed a significant difference （P 〈 0. 05 ）.