父母养育方式与武装警察部队医科学生人格特征及应对方式的相关性

Correlation of parental rearing style with the personality characteristics and coping styles of medical students in Chinese People's Armed Police Forces

目的:探讨父母养育方式与武装警察部队医学生的人格特征和应对方式的关系。方法:采用父母养育方式评价量表、艾森克人格问卷和简易应对方式问卷,于2004-04对来自军人家庭的武装警察部队医学生中随机抽取护理专业与检验专业180人进行测试。父母养育方式评价问卷,包括父亲教养方式的6个分量表,即“情感温暖、理解”“惩罚、严厉”“过分干涉”“偏爱被试”“拒绝、否认”“过度保护”和母亲教养方式的5个分量表,即“情感温暖、理解”“过干涉、过保护”“拒绝、否认”“惩罚、严厉”“偏爱被试”。艾森克人格问卷有85项,由内外向,神经质,精神质,掩饰倾向4个分量表组成。简易应对方式问卷包括20个条目,分为积极应对与消极应对两个因子。采用4级评分(0,1,2,3)。进行团体测试,以无记名的方式填写问卷,完成后当场收回。结果:发出问卷180份,回收合格问卷176份,有效率97.8%。①父母亲的情感温暖、理解与人格问卷中内外向分和掩饰倾向分正相关,与神经质分和精神质分负相关(P<0.01)。父母亲严厉、惩罚与神经质分和精神质分正相关,与掩饰倾向分负相关(P<0.01)。母亲过干涉、过保护,拒绝、否认、偏爱与神经质分正相关,而与掩饰倾向分负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。父亲的偏爱和母亲的惩罚、严厉与内外向分负相关(P<0.05)。②父母亲情感温暖、理解与积极应对正相关与消极应对负相关(P<0.01)。母亲的过分干涉、过分保护、惩罚、严厉、偏爱与消极应对正相关(P<0.05)。③内外向分和掩饰倾向分与积极应对正相关,与精神质分负相关,神经质分和精神质分与消极应对正相关,与掩饰倾向分负相关。结论:武装警察部队医科学生母亲的养育方式与他们的情绪稳定、精神质和掩饰倾向的关系更为密切。父母的情感温暖和理解在父母的养育方式中作用最为突出,对子女形成良好的人格和有效的应对以及心理健康具有不可低估的影响。

AIM： To explore the relationship of parental rearing behaviors with the personality characteristics and coping styles of medical students in Chinese People＇s Armed Police Forces. METHODS： The Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran Scale （EMBU）, Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ） and simplified coping style questionnaire were applied to 176 randomly sampled medical students of Chinese People＇s Armed Police Forces from the army family majoring in nursing and laboratory. The EMBU had 6 subscale for paternal rearing behaviors （＂emotion warmth or consideration＂, ＂strict punishment＂, ＂excessive interference＂, ＂preference to the subject＂, ＂refusal and denial＂, ＂overprotection＂） and 5 subscales for maternal rearing behaviors （＂emotion warmth or consideration＂, ＂excessive interference, overprotection＂, ＂refusal and denial＂, ＂strict punishment＂, ＂preference to the subject＂）. EPQ had 85 items, consisted of 4 subscales of extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and lie. The simplified coping style questionnaire included 20 items, had two factors of positive coping and negative coping, scored by 4 grades （0, 1, 2, 3）. They were tested by groups, the questionnaires were filled without recording names and collected back on the spot. RESULTS： Totally 180 questionnaires were sent out, and 176 were recollected, the effective rate was 97.8%. ① The parents＇ emotion warmth or consideration had significant positive correlations with the scores of extraversion-introversion and lie, but had negative correlations with the scores of neuroticism and psychoticism in EPQ （P 〈 0.01）. The parents＇ strict punishment had positive correlations with the scores of neuroticism and psyehotieism, but had negative correlation with the score of lie （P 〈 0.01）. Mother＇s overprotection, over-interference, refusal, denial and preference to the subjects had positive correlations with the score of neuroticism, but had negative correlation with the score of lie （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. Father＇s preference and mother＇s strict punishment were in negative correlation with the scores of extraversion-introversion （P 〈 0.05）.② There was positive correlation between parents＇ emotion warmth or consideration and positive coping （P 〈 0.01）, whereas negative correlation between the parents＇ emotion warmth or consideration, the mother＇s overprotection or over-interference, strict punishment, preference to the subjects and the negative coping （P 〈 0.05）. ③ The positive coping was positively correlated with the scores of scores of extraversion-introversion and lie, and negatively correlated with psychoticism, while the negative coping was positively correlated with the scores of neuroticism and psychoticism and negatively correlated with lie. CONCLUSION： The maternal rearing behaviors of medical students in Chinese People＇s Armed Police Forces have closer correlations with their emotion warmth or consideration, psychoticism and lie. Parents＇ emotion warmth or consideration plays an outstanding role in parental rearing behaviors, and has an underestimable effect on the＇ formation of good personality, effective coping and mental health of the children.