临沂市高、中级科技人员心理需要现况调查

Prevalence survey on the psychological need status in personnel of senior and middle academic rank in science and technology in Linyi city

目的:分析山东省临沂市高、中级科技人员心理需要特点,了解其心理健康状况和实际需要。方法:纳入2004-01/2005-01临沂市高等学校、科研机构、企事业单位等科技人员比较集中的单位职工625名,男400名,女225名,年龄26～65岁,平均(46.25±19.36)岁。正高级科技人员175名,副高级科技人员220名,中级科技人员230名。采用抽样调查的直接采访法,由调查者对科技人员发放自编心理需要调查问卷(开放式,包括物质、精神、环境和自我实现等需要,主要是被调查者对提高工资待遇、增加福利措施、维护健康、提供条件、自我实现、科研经费缺乏、制定优惠政策和改善用人机制、创造良好的人际环境),进行无记名填写,当场回收答卷。根据调查对象对物质、精神、环境和自我实现等需要回答进行计数,然后进行比较。了解参与调查的625名高、中级科技人员当前最需要解决的问题及其认为影响科技人员潜力发挥的因素和稳定人才的主要措施。结果:①高、中级科技人员在当前需要解决的问题:正、副高级与中级科技人员在提高工资待遇,增加福利措施维护健康,提供条件、自我实现3项问题上差异显著(55,52,46;36,23,17;10,23,39;χ2=7.152,17.088,12.701,P<0.05～0.01);②高、中级科技人员认为影响科技人员潜力的发挥因素:正、副高级与中级科技人员在科研经费缺乏和没有多大困难两项上差异显著(51,15,52;60,85,50;χ2=35.022,16.035,P<0.01);③高、中级科技人员认为稳定人才的主要措施:正、副高级与中级科技人员在制定优惠政策和改善用人机制,提高工资待遇和创造良好的人际环境3项上差异非常显著(48,79,132;79,90,58;35,7,11;χ2=41.046,20.151,41.933,P<0.01)。结论:副高级以上科技人员总体上心理状况良好,职称越高心理需要要求越高,他们的需要主要体现在基本的物质生活条件、良好的工作环境。

AIM： To analyze the characters of psychological need status in personnel of senior and middle academic rank in science and technology in Linyi city of Shandong province, and investigate their psychological health status and psychological need. METHODS： Between January 2004 and January 2005, totally 625 employees （400 males and 225 females） aged 26-65 years with an average age of （46.25±19.36） years were selected from the universities, scientific and technologic institutes and enterprises of Linyi city, including 175 cases of senior academic ranks, 220 cases of associate academic ranks and 230 cases of middle academic ranks. By means of sampling survey to directly interview, the self-designed psychological need questionnaires were sent out by the researcher to the science and technology personnel （including material, mental, environment and self-actualization etc, major contents including improving their salaries, increasing benefits measure and protecting health, providing condition and self-actualization, lacking scientific research funds, formulating privilege policy and improving anthrop-work system and creating satisfactory ,intercommunion condition）, questionnaires were finished without name and reclaimed on the spot. According to the answer of material, mental, environment and selfactualization of the subjects, the answers were counted and compared. The major indexes were what they wanted to solve the most now, which affected their potential ability and how to stabilize the talent among 625 subjects of senior and middle academic ranks in science and technology. RESULTS： ①There were significant differences among senior and middle academic rank in science and technology on three items： improving their salaries, increasing benefits measure and protecting health, providing condition and self-actualization （55, 52, 46; 36, 23, 17; 10, 23, 39; X^2=7.152, 17.088, 12.701, P 〈 0.05-0.01）; ② There were significant differences among senior and middle academic ranks in science and technology in the factors of influencing science and technology personnel potential on two items： lacking scientific research funds, no difficulty （51, 15, 52; 60, 85, 50; ±=35.022, 16.035, P 〈 0.01）. ③ There were significant differences among .senior and middle academic ranks in science and technology in the measures of stabilizing science and technology personnel on three items： formulating privilege policy and improving anthrop-work system, improving their salaries and creating satisfactory intercommunion condition （48, 79, 132; 79, 90, 58; 35, 7, 11; X^2=41.046, 20.151, 41.933, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： As a whole, the psychological status of the subjects above associate advanced science and technology personnel are well. The higher the professional title, the better their psychological status. Their needs are to cater for their essential material living condition, satisfactory work environment.