悲伤和抑郁的脑机制

Cerebral mechanism about sadness and depression

目的:回顾悲伤和抑郁脑机制研究的最新进展。资料来源:应用计算机检索EBSCO1990-01/2005-02和ProQuest1990-01/2005-02期间与悲伤、抑郁脑机制的相关文章,检索词为“sad,de-pression,cerebralmechanism”,并限定文章的语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行初选,选取最近8年与悲伤、抑郁脑机制相关的文章,筛除观点陈旧和观点重复的文章。资料提炼:收集62篇文章,筛除重复研究36篇,纳入26篇用于综述。资料综合:悲伤是人类的一种基本情绪,抑郁是个异源的失调群组,悲伤和抑郁的加工和调节涉及广泛的脑区,特别是和前额叶皮质、扣带前回和杏仁核有着密切的联系。前额叶皮质的功能不对称与接近性或回避性情绪相关联。悲伤诱发时前额叶皮质、扣带前回的激活增加,抑郁更多的和左侧前额叶、扣带前回的激活降低相关联。杏仁核的局部区域脑血流或葡萄糖代率的上升和抑郁症状有联系,悲伤紧张性的不断增加和左侧杏仁核及左侧颞极的激活增加相联系。结论:悲伤和抑郁的加工和调节涉及广泛的大脑区域。其中,前额叶皮质、扣带前回和杏仁核在悲伤和抑郁中扮演着更为重要的角色。其他区域如颞叶、顶叶、基底神经节、丘脑、下丘脑等亦参与其中。

OBJECTIVE： To review the latest progress of research about the cerebral mechanism of sadness and depression in recent years. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search in EBSCO and PROQUEST was undertaken to identify articles about the cerebral mechanism of sadness and depression published in English from January 1990 to February 2005 by using the keywords of ＂sad, depression, cerebral mechanism＂. STUDY SELECTION： All articles retrieved were firstly selected, those related to the cerebral mechanism of sadness and depression in the latest eight years were selected, and those with old viewpoint and reviews were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 62 articles were collected, and 26 repetitive ones were excluded, 36 were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS： Sadness is a kind of basic emotion in human being, depression is heterogeneous disturbed group. The processing and regulation of sadness and depression are related to extensive brain area, especially have close association with prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus amygdalae. The functional asymmetry of anterior cortex of frontal lobe is correlated with the emotions of approaching and avoidance, When sadness is evoked, the activations of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are increased. Depression has more correlation with the decreased activations of left prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, The increases of local cerebral flow or glucose metabolic rate of nucleus amygdalae are involved in the depressive symptoms. The continuous increase of sad tension is correlated with the increased activations of left nucleus amygdalae and left temporal pole. CONCLUSION： The process and regulation of sadness and depression involve extensive regions of brain, Among those regions, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala make important roles.