3Leist M, Jaattela M. Four deaths and a funeral: from caspases to alternative mechanisms [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2001, 2 (8):589-598.
4Krueger BK, Bume JF, Raft MC. Evidence for large-scale astrocyte death in the developing cerebellum[J]. J Neurosci, 1995, 15(5 Pt 1):3366-3374.
5Giffard RG, Swanson RA. Ischemia-induced programmed cell death in astrocytes[J]. Glia, 2005, 50(4): 299-306.
6Takuma K, Baba A, Matsuda T. Astrocyte apoptosis: implications for neuroprotection[J]. Prog Meurobiol, 2004, 72(2): 111-127.
7Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Chen XQ, et al. Apoptosis and activation of Erk1/2and Akt in astrocytes postischemia[J]. Neurochem Res, 2003, 28(6):831-837.
8Pekny M, Nilsson M. Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis [J].Glia, 2005, 50(4): 427-434.
9Dienel GA, Hertz L. Astrocytic contributions to bioenergetics of cerebral ischemia[J]. Glia, 2005, 50(4): 362-388.
10Xu L, Sapolsky RM, Giffard RG. Differential sensitivity of murine astrocytes and neurons from different brain regions to injury[J]. Exp Neurol, 2001, 169(2): 416-424.
3[4]Kattar MM,Kupsky WJ,Shimoyama RK et al.Clinical analysis of gliomas[j].Hum Pathol,1997,28:1166～1179
4Acalovschi D,Wiest T,Hartmann M Multiple levels of regulation of the interleukin-6 system in stroke[J].Stroke,2003,34(8):1864-1869.
5Yu AC,Lau LT.Expression of interleukin-1 alpha,tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 genes in astrocytes under ischemic injury[J].Neurochem Int,2000,36(4-5):369-377.
6Volterra A,Meldolesi J.Astrocytes,from brain glue to communication elements:the revolution continues[J].Nat Rev Neurosci,2005,6(8):626-640.
7Gabryel B,Trzeciak HI.Role of astrocytes in pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury[J].Neurotox Res,2001,3(2):205-221.
8Bambrick L,Kristian T,Fiskum G.Astrocyte mitochondrial mechanisms of ischemic brain injury and neuroprotection[J].Neurochem Res,2004,29(3):601-608.
9Sugawara T,Lewen A,Noshita N Effects of global ischemia duration on neuronal,astroglial,oligodendroglial,and microglial reactions in the vulnerable hippocampal CA1 subregion in rats[J].J Neurotrauma,2002,19(1):85-98.
10Zoli M,Grimaldi R,Ferrari R Short-and long-term changes in striatal neurons and astroglia after transient forebrain ischemia in rats[J].Stroke,1997,28(5):1049-1059.
