胃食管吻合术后残余食管胸胃运动功能研究

Motility Function of the Remnant Esophagus and Intrathoracic Stomach after Esophagectomy for Cancer

目的探讨食管、贲门癌切除后不同部位的食管胃吻合对残余食管和胸腔胃运动功能的影响。方法按手术中食管胃吻合部位不同,将39例食管、贲门癌患者分为两组,弓上吻合组:21例,为食管中段癌患者行食管胃主动脉弓上吻合;弓下吻合组:18例,为食管下段癌及贲门癌患者,行食管胃主动脉弓下吻合。对照组:为6例无胃食管反流症状的健康人。3组均行食管测压、上消化道X线钡餐造影检查,观察残余食管和胸腔胃运动功能。结果两吻合组部分患者均存在吻合口高压区,残余食管静息压均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),并与胸腔胃内静息压无明显差别(P>0.05);两吻合组残余食管和胸腔胃内静息压比较差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。弓上吻合组残余食管蠕动性收缩幅度及原发蠕动次数均明显低于或少于对照组,残余食管原发蠕动次数明显少于弓下吻合组(P<0.05)。术后3个月上消化道X线钡餐造影显示,两吻合组患者胸腔胃底、胃体部均无蠕动性收缩,蠕动收缩自胃窦部向幽门运动,速度缓慢,胃内钡剂排空缓慢;术后1年两吻合组胃窦部蠕动收缩均有明显恢复。结论食管、贲门癌患者术后食管胃吻合口无抗反流作用,食管胃吻合位置越高残余食管蠕动功能越差,但不影响残余食管和胸腔胃内静息压。食管、贲门癌术后胸腔胃运动功能减弱,随着时间的延长逐渐恢复,但很难达到正常水平。

Objective To investigate the effect on motility function of remnant esophagus and intrathoracic stomach after esophagectomy for esophageal and cardiac carcinoma. Methods Thirty nine patients with esophageal and cardiac carcinoma were divided into two groups according to surgical procedure. Group of anastomosis above aortic arch （n = 21）： esophagogastrostomy was performed above the aortic arch in patients with esophageal carcinoma of the middle third; group of anastomosis below aortic arch（n= 18）： esophagogastrostomy was performed below the aortic arch in patients with esophageal carcinoma of the low third and cardiac carcinoma. Six health volunteers without gastroesophageal reflux were recruited as control group. Esophageal manometry and upper alimentary tract roentgenography were performed in all patients. Results There was a high pressure zone at the anastomotic orifice in parts of patients of both anastomosis groups. The resting pressure of remnant esophagus was higher than that in control group （P〈0. 05）, and similar to the resting pressure of intrathoracic stomach （P〉0. 05）. There was no significant difference in resting pressure of remnant esophagus and intrathoracic stomach between two anastomosis groups （P〉0.05）. The amplitude and number of primary peristalsis in remnant esophagus of group of anastomosis above aortic arch were significantly reduced in comparison with control group. The number of primary peristalsis in remnant esophagus of group of anastomosis above aortic arch was significantly lower than that of group of anastomosis below aortic arch （P〈0. 05）. The motility in the body of intrathoracic stomach was not observed. Weak motor activity of the gastric antrum was observed with upper alimentary tract roentgenography after surgery and evidently recovered 1 year after surgery. Conclusions The resting pressure of remnant esophagus and intrathoracic stomach is not influenced by the site of anastomosis. Esophagogastric anastomosis at the upper thorax is likely to result in poor motility of remnant esophagus. The motor activity of intrathoracic stomach becomes weak after esophagectomy and then recovers gradually over time, hut still fail to return to normal level.