主动脉手术的脊髓保护

Spinal Cord Protection During Aortic Operation

脊髓损伤是胸主动脉手术后的严重并发症,影响手术后脊髓并发症发生的因素包括手术过程中脊髓缺血的时间及程度、主动脉修复后脊髓血运的重建状况、多种生化因素、缺血-再灌注损伤等。目前主动脉手术中脊髓的保护手段有:提高手术技术和改进手术方法;增加脊髓的血液供应,包括提供机械性动力的血液灌注和动脉分流,脑脊液分流;利用低温降低脊髓的代谢率;应用药物防止脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤。现就脊髓的血液循环特点、脊髓损伤的发生机制和脊髓保护的最新进展进行综述。

Spinal cord injury is one of severe complications after thoracic aortic surgery. The degree and time of spinal cord ischemia during surgery, reconstruction of the blood supply of spinal cord ,biochemistry factors ,ischemiareperfusion injury, etc. are considered as factors influence on the complication of spinal cord after surgery. At present, to improve the surgical technique, to increase the blood supply of spinal cord, such as the mechanical dynamic blood perfusion, arterial shunt and cerebrospinal fluid shunt, to degrade the metabolic rate of spinal cord using hypothermia, and to prevent the ischemia-reperfusion injury using drugs are the methods for spinal cord protection during the aortic surgery. The feature of blood circulation of spinal cord, mechanisms of spinal cord injury and the latest progress of spinal cord protection is reviewed in this article.