水稻花药发育过程中腺苷三磷酸酶的分布

The Distribution of ATPase in Developmental Anther of Rice

水稻花粉母细胞中的ATP酶反应颗粒很少,主要分布在细胞核中。组成花药药壁的4层细胞中只有绒毡层细胞核中有较多的ATP酶。减数分裂后,绒毡层细胞质中分化出许多内质网片层,但ATP酶反应颗粒仍很少,其它3层药壁细胞中质膜ATP酶明显增加。在花粉内、外壁中形成了大量的ATP酶反应颗粒,但花粉外壁在小孢子时期形成,ATP酶反应颗粒来自绒毡层细胞的乌氏体。花粉内壁在二胞花粉时期形成,其中的ATP酶反应颗粒来自花粉营养细胞。二胞花粉的营养细胞比生殖细胞含有更多的ATP酶反应颗粒。

The distribution of ATPase was studied using lead precipitation technique during anther development in rice. The ATPase reactive precipitates （ppts） were located mostly in the nucleus of microspore mother cells （MMC） and only a few in the cytoplasm （Plate Ⅰ-1）. Anther wall had differentiated into four layers of cells and a few precipitates were located in the cells except the nucleus of tapetal cells where there were many ATPase reactive precipitates （Plate Ⅰ-2）. After meiosis of MMC, tapetal cells formed many endoplasmic reticula in its cytoplasm but still contained a few ppts. In the cells of epidermis, endothelium and middle layer, the ppts increased evidently in plasma membrane and near cytoplasm than before （Plate Ⅰ-5）. There were a large number of ppts located in the pollen wall during pollen development （Plate Ⅱ-6）, suggesting that ATPase is necessary for the construction of pollen wall. The exine of pollen wall of rice was constructed during microspore development and consisted of sporopollenin which came from tapetal cells. The ppts in exine also came from tapetal cell （Plate Ⅱ- 7）. The intine of pollen wall was constructed during the stage of 2-cellular pollen and consisted of cellulose material coming from vegetative cell of pollen. The ATPase and ppts in intine came from vegetative cell of pollen （Plate Ⅲ-7）. Vegetative cell contained more ppts than generative cell during the development of 2-cellular pollen （Plate Ⅲ- 4, 5）. The amount of ppts between two sperm cells in a pollen grain was also different （Plate Ⅳ-3, 4）. The physiological functions of ATPase located in different cells and different parts in the cells during anther development of rice were analyzed.