包含详细水分循环和海冰物理过程的一维。气候模式与气候系统内反馈机制的研究

A One-Dimensional Climate Model with Hydrological Cycle and Sea Ice Physics to Analyse Feedback Mechanisms of Climate System

紧于水分循环和海冰物理过程是气候变化研究中两个比较薄弱的环节，而在以往的一些气候模式中往往简化甚至忽略了其中之一，给气候变化的研究带来了一定的不确定性。因此，我们设计了包含详细水分循环和海冰物理过程的一维气候模式，着重研究了存在，气候系统内部的反馈机制，得到以下几点结论：（１）无论在地表还是在大气中，水汽反馈和冰雪反照率反馈均为很强的正反馈，前者比后者要强一些，冰雪反照率反馈在极区比其它地区强一些。（２）降水过程无论在地表还是在大气中均表现为负反馈。（３）在大气中，蒸发过程表现为很强的正反馈；在地表，蒸发过程在中低纬度表现为很强的负反馈，而在高纬度却表现为正反馈。（４）大气中的潜热输送无论在大气中还是在地表均表现为正反馈，共正反馈效应通过放大水汽的温室效应体现出来。（５）大气中的感热输送无论在大气中还是在地表均表现为较弱的负反馈，其负反馈作用通过抑制冰雪反照率反馈而表现出来。（６）不同反馈之间的合成不是两者简单地线性相加，而是以一种北线性方式相互作用。

Hydrological cycle and sea ice physics are the two weak but important links in climate research. In the past climate models, they are simplified even omitted, which give rise to uncertainties in climate research. Thus, we have devised a one-dimensional climate model which includes explicit hydrological cycle and sea ice physics. We used the model to mainly study the feedback mechanisms in climate system. Results show that: (1) Water vapor feedback and ice-albedo feedback are positive ones, the former is stronger than the latter. (2) precipitation proves to be a negative feedback both at surface and in the atmosphere. (3) Evaporation is a strong positive feedback in the atmosphere. At surface, evaporation is a strong negative feedback in middle-low latitudes and a positive feedback in high latitudes. (4) The atmospheric sensible heat flux represents a negative feedback as it damps the ice-albedo feedback. (5) The atmospheric latent heat flux proves to be a positive feedback by strengthening the green-house warming. (6) Different feedbacks interact in a nonlinear way, and the resultant feedback can be much stronger than the additive effect of the individual feedbacks.