黄土高原沟道坝系模型设计方法

Design Method of Dam System Model for the Loess Plateau

在回顾前人研究成果及分析土壤侵蚀模型试验特点的基础上,提出了黄土高原小流域沟道坝系模型设计的方法。认为在水力侵蚀最活跃的黄土高原地区,降雨强度是影响产流产沙的关键因子,从而需要抓住降雨与侵蚀产沙这对主要矛盾,根据降雨侵蚀空间或时间的集积效果来实现模型流域与原型流域产沙特征的相似。为保证沟道坝系地貌演变相似,除降雨历时遵循重力相似条件外,模型降雨产沙关系还应通过借助天然资料率定产沙量比尺的途径与原型相对应。

The paper puts forward a method of model design for dam system of small watersheds in the Loess Plateau based on the review of study achievements of predecessors and characteristic analysis of soil erosion model tests.It considers that rainfall intensity is the key factor to affect the yields of runoff and sediment in the Loess Plateau area where hydraulic erosion is the most active.Thus,it should catch the main contradiction of precipitation and sediment yield of erosion to achieve the similarity of river basin model and sediment yield characteristics of prototype basin based on integrated results of temporal or spatial rainfall erosion.In order to ensure the similarity of geomorphic evolution gully dam system,the relationship of the model between rainfall and sediment yield should also be equivalent to the prototype through using the way of rating sediment yield scale of natural data,except rainfall duration following the similar conditions of gravity.