海洋混凝土施工技术及质量控制

Construction Technologies and Quality Control of Ocean Concrete

优异的海洋混凝土材料和施工技术对于各种海工建筑物及其防水浪冲刷、海底油气管线稳定和堵漏、以及水下钢筋混凝土基础（如船坞滑道、码头修补）等都具有特别重要的意义。本文对海洋混凝土的材料要求及常用现场施工方法（带水作业）作了详细介绍，并分析了海洋混凝土的施工特点。建议应该整体考虑海洋混凝土的材料特点和施工方法，即将水下不分散混凝土的材料改性和施工时的机械隔水措施结合采用，最终达到在深水或流动水条件下保证混凝土在灌筑过程中和灌筑以后均可免受环境水影响的目的。同时应强调在方案设计时应根据工程对混凝土强度、耐久性、施工工艺和环境保护等要求和现场作业条件（作业面大小、水深、水流及波浪的大小等），对施工方案做认真的技术经济综合分析。

Several construction techniques and operation characteristics on the sea of ocean concrete are compared and analyzed respectively. These techniques are important to constructing various ocean-related structures and protecting them against underwater washout, stabilizing and stoping up offshore pipeline, as well as reinforcing concrete underwater foundation （e.g. dock slideway, seaport repairing） etc. According to project requirements on concrete compressive strength, durability, construction methods, environment condition and field operation circumstances （operation cover size, water depth, and water flow and wave factors）, the traditionally mechanical water-insulation technique should be combined with the anti-washout underwater concrete, in order to obtain optimal concrete quality. Meantime, considering both the unique performance of the anti-washout concrete and pouring method, the whole construction scheme and technical-economical analysis should be compared and balanced carefullyo