新历史小说的“碎片写实”

“Fragmentary Realism” of Neo-historical Novels

新历史小说虽然出现在西方新历史主义引进之前,却也受着这种观念的影响。但又不是照搬,在我国的社会生活土壤上形成自己的特征:主要是以“小历史”的碎片颠覆“大历史”的整体。由寻根作家、先锋作家和新写实作家汇集而成的新历史小说潮流以丰厚的创作实绩演绎着他们的新历史主义观念。具体表现为:以个人视野和民间视野颠覆正史意识;以“放大碎片、拆解整体”和荒诞、扭曲、夸张的方式解构宏大叙事;题材、主题、人物及叙事方式又追求从“无限”到“有限”,从而消解崇高品格。新历史小说虽切人传统历史主义的盲区,有独特的发现,却又陷入历史虚无主义和相对主义窠臼。

While neo-historical novels emerged in China before the introduction of the western neo-historicism, they are still under its influence. Nevertheless, instead of merely copying the western neo-historicism, Chinese neo-historical novels boast their own features modeled on Chinese social reality-chiefly the subversion of the entirety of ＂meta-history＂ by the fragments of ＂tiny history＂. The trend of neo-historical novels composed of nostalgic writers, avant-garde writers and neo-realistic writers is highlighted by the abundant writings tinged with their neo-historicist notion, as is evident in： the subversion of the consciousness of biographical history hooks by individuals or folk vision; the deconstruction of grand narration in the absurd, distorted and exaggerated manner of ＂magnifying fragments and dismantling the entirety＂ ; the transformation from ＂infiniteness＂ to ＂finiteness＂ in terms of subject-matter, motifs, characters and modes of narration with a view to eliminating the elevated style. Although neo-historical novels have made new discoveries by dwelling upon something untouched in traditional historicism, they have also plunged into the pitfall of historical nihilism and relativism.