试论朦胧诗的模糊性与象征手法

A Discussion on the Obscurity and Symbolism of Hazy Verse

文章从“朦胧诗”一词的导源、释名入手,指出了朦胧诗主题的模糊性存在两种情形,一是晦涩型(即诗意艰深难懂);二是多值型(即诗意亦此亦彼)。认为朦胧诗的模糊性有着多种致因,但最主要最直接的还是象征手法使然。象征的主要特征是“暗示性”(即通过某一特定形象以表现或暗示超越这一形象的含义)。象征的生成机制是相关事物间的“可拟性”(即相互对应关系)。由于社会历史环境和政治文化背景、西方现代文艺思潮以及我国传统诗论的多重影响,诗人往往选择象征手法进行创作。而正是由于象征所具有的涵盖性及主观随意性等特质,导致了朦胧诗主题的模糊性。文章从“量变到质变”的哲学思辨角度,指出了朦胧诗的“朦胧度”应有的极限。

Starting with the origin and nomenclature of ＂hazy verse＂, this paper proceeds to expound the two types of obscurity in the motif of hazy verse： abstruseness （hard to decipher） and ambiguous （capable of multiple interpretations）. It is opined that the causes for the obscurity of hazy verse are multiple, but the most major and direct one lies in its symbolism characterized by its ＂allusions＂ （ the use of one object to allude to another larger or more significant）, and that the formation of symbols rests on the ＂comparability＂ between related objects （i. e. their interactive and corresponding relationship）. Thanks to the multi-impact of social-historical environment, politico-cultural background, modem western trend of literature and art as well as of traditional Chinese poetics, the poets of hazy verse tend to be written in a symbolic manner. It is due to such features as broad coverage and subjective willfulness of symbols that obscurity in the theme of hazy verse results. In the end, this paper points out the limit on the extent of ＂obscurity＂ in hazy verse in terms of the philosophical consideration of ＂changes from quantity to quality＂.