东京山核桃砧对美国山核桃嫁接成活率及树体生长结果的影响

Effect of Carya tonkinensis Rootstacks on Surrival Rate of Grafting and Growth of C.illionensis

为探索东京山核桃砧嫁接美国山核桃亲和力,通过嫁接成活率、苗期接穗生长量和造林后树体生长结实及坚果品质与本砧嫁接的系统比较分析,结果得出,种间嫁接的成活率和接穗生长量与本砧嫁接差异不大,但是后期树体出现“小脚”现象,树高、冠幅、单株累积产坚果量及连续5 a累积单位冠影面积产仁量分别只有本砧嫁接同龄树的70%、65.3%、54.2%、34.4%,差异随树龄的增长而变大,说明种间嫁接树体存在后期亲和力差的问题。种间嫁接树体的坚果质量与本砧嫁接树体没有明显差异。东京山核桃砧嫁接美国山核桃的树体,接穗生根可以大大减小生长结果与本砧嫁接同龄树体的差异。利用东京山核桃砧培育的美国山核桃嫁接苗,如果接穗未生根,则不能在生产中推广造林。

In order to study the appetency between Carya illionensis and C. tonkinensis, we grafted C. illionensis and C. tonkinensis with the graftwood of the same cultivar （pecan）, then system comparisionly analyzed on survival rate of grafting, growth volume of graftwoods in seeding period, growth and bearing after forestation and nut quality. Statistics showed there were no distinct differences on the survival rate and growth volume of graftwood between them, but the graftwood grew very fast than the rootsocks of C. tonkiensis did in the late. Height, individual nut yield and kernal output of continous 5 years respectively accounted to 70.0%, 65.3%, 54. 0%, 34.0% of those of the same year old tree pecan as rootstocks, and the gap get more wide along the year. It is proved that the appetency became weak in the late. The intervariety trees had same quality nuts compared to the trees pecan as rootstock. In the experimental time, we found roots could grow from the area where the graftwood grafted, which could make the tree grow normal parallel with the tree pecan as rootstock. So we suggest the seeding not be disseminated before the graftwood grows out roots.