旅游学研究的时空视角:一种概念性理论框架

Time-Spatial Analyzing Approach: A Theoretical Framework of Tourism Science

时间和空间不仅是自然科学领域和哲学层面的问题,也是当代人文和社会科学领域的重要话题。但时间问题在旅游研究中并未得到充分重视。文章着重探讨了旅游时间的性质与类型,将旅游时间由“旅游之外”引入“旅游之内”,提出了“旅游是时间与空间的统一形式”的基本思想;指出时空统一观是旅游学区别于其他学科的基本哲学观,时间视角与空间视角的有机结合,是全面地认识和考察旅游活动的性质与发展演变的基本分析视角。在此基础上,文章进一步研究指出,“旅游体验”应当成为旅游学理论建构的逻辑起点,不同时空尺度的组合构成了旅游学研究的十大对象(六大研究要素、四大关系对)与宏、微观两条研究路径。两条路径在各自研究对象、研究内容和研究方法上的差异,导致了旅游学研究在宏、微观上的分野。最后,文章根据旅游研究对象与相关学科的亲缘度构建了旅游学学科体系的基本框架,并展望,时空视角作为一种创新的旅游研究方法,可能会起到为不同学科在旅游研究问题上的融合与交流搭建桥梁的作用。

Time and space have long been issues in the field of natural science and philosophy and now they also become hot topics in humanity and social science. This paper analyses the nature and types of time in tourism, then suggests a new vital conception that tourism is a time-spatial unity, which implies to get a thorough understanding of the nature and various facets of tourism, time-spatial analyzing approach should be integrated and adopted as philosophy in tourism science research. Further, taking ＂tourist experience＂ as the logical analyzing point of tourism science, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework of tourism science on its contents, objectives, macro and micro analyzing paths and their respective fields,upon which the tree of affiliated disciplines of tourism science is established. Finally, the paper discusses the potential academy value of the new analyzing methods which might play a bridging role in integrating all the existing theories and opinions into a system.