北京市城区小学生体形认知现状分析

Analysis on Body Image Perception Among Pupils in Urban Beijing

目的了解北京市城区小学生体形认知现状,为制定儿童肥胖的干预措施提供科学依据。方法用2阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取4428名北京市城区小学生,其中男生2316名,女生2112名,年龄8～14岁。利用Ma体形图对儿童的体形现状进行研究,同时测量身高、体重等指标。结果调查对象的超重率和肥胖率分别为13.1%和14.4%。男、女生的理想体形评分均数分别为3.5和4.4,男生高于女生。男、女生的体形不满意度评分均数分别为1.0和1.3,女生对自己的体形更为不满。学生对体形的不满意度为肥胖组>超重组>非超重组,男生对标准身材男生和标准身材女生的评分高于女生。分别有6.6%和1.0%的儿童选择特别胖的体形作为自我体形认知和理想体形认知。结论北京市儿童的体形认知与西方的研究相似,但北京市儿童对肥胖更为宽容,需从儿童体形认知方面采取干预措施以防止儿童肥胖的流行。

Objective To investigate the body image perceptions among pupils in urban Beijing, so as to offer evidence for development of intervention measures towards childhood obesity. Methods A total of 4 428 children aged 8 - 14（2 112 girls and 2 316 bodys） were recruited by two-stage cluster sampling method. Body image was assessed by Ma figural stimuli. Their weight and height were. also measured at the same time. Results The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.1% and 14.4%, respectively. The mean of ideal image score for beys （3.5） was higher than for girls （4.4）. The means of body dissatisfaction mores were 1.0 and 1.3 for beys and girls respectively. Girls＇ body dissatisfaction scores were significantly higher than boys＇. The body dissatisfaction scores across different weight status were： obesity 〉 overweight 〉 non-overweight. The standard body image mores of boys were significandy higher than the scores of girls. About 6.6% and 1.0% children chose, the heaviest silhouette as their self-body image and ideal body image respectively. Conelusion The body image perception airing children in urban Beijing is partly consistent with that in west countries, but children in urban Beijing are more tolerant of obesity. Considering children＇s body image perception, effective childhood obesity intervention measures should he implemented.