3．5—5．5岁儿童在知觉相似与概念冲突情形下的归纳推理

3.5 - 5.5 Years Older＇ s Inductive Reasoning in Similarity vs Conception Confliction Condition

为探讨儿童是基于知觉相似还是基于概念进行归纳推理，利用儿童较为熟悉的材料，设计知觉相似与概念冲突的情形，并在4种不同的信息提示条件下，测试了总共275名3．5岁、4．5岁和5．5岁儿童的归纳推理。实验结果显示，在预备实验中，3．5岁的儿童已经能够排除无关刺激要么基于知觉相似要么基于概念进行归纳推理，但二者没有显著差异；在正式实验中，在4种任务条件下，3．5岁的儿童的情况基本与预备实验相同，而4．5岁和5．5岁的儿童则更倾向于基于概念进行归纳推理，这表明儿童的归纳推理经历了从依据知觉相似到依据概念关系的转变，但发生转变的年龄应该不是在7～8岁，而是在4岁半之前。

Total 275 children aged in 37- 71 months had been tested their inductive reasoning in a similarity-conception confliction condition in four different hinted information task. The firstly condition was that aimed stimulus had no same audition information with selected stimulus; the secondly condition was that aimed stimulus had the same perceptual symbol with one of selected stimulus ; the third condition was that aimed stimulus had the same conceptual symbol with one of selected stimulus; the fourth condition was that aimed stimulus had the same perceptual symbol with one of selected stimulus and had the same conceptual symbol with another selected stimulus. The results showed that no significant difference on basedsimilarity and based-conceptlon in inductive reasoning in 3.5 years old children in four condition, and 4.5 and 5.5 years old children can base on conception in their inductive reasoning in four condition. The results also showed that children may have a gradual transition from similarity-based to category-based induction, but the age of transition may occur before 4.5, not before 7 - 8 years old.