学前儿童性别恒常性的发展

Development of the Concept of Gender Constancy in Preschoolers

采用改进的访谈方法,考察了3、4、5、6岁儿童的性别恒常性的发展。结果表明:3、4岁儿童已获得性别认同的能力,4、5岁儿童逐步获得性别稳定性的能力,5、6岁是性别一致性发展的快速期,大多数的6岁被试儿童已获得性别恒常性。研究还发现,在提示条件下,各年龄获得性别恒常性的被试人数大大增加;儿童对自己的性别恒常性的认知发展早于对他人,但这一差异主要表现在3岁儿童身上。

The purpose of present study is to investigate the development of the concept of gender constancy in preschoolers aged of 3, 4, 5 and 6 with modified method of interview. The results showed that the concept of gender constancy developed in terms of 3 continuous levels： Level 1. The notion of gender identity was acquired in 3 - 4 years old; Followed by level 2 gender stability, that is, children （ around 4 and 5 years old） got to know that gender could not be changed with time passing by, and, finally level 3. the notion of gender consistency developed speedily in 5,6 years old. More than a half of sample of 6-olds has already acquired the concept of gender constancy. In the clarified condition the rate of achievement for passing the tasks in children was increased greatly. There is no difference of the development between self gender constancy and others one in preschoolers, except 3-olds.