儿童自我延迟满足的视觉认知过程

Cognitive Processing on Children's Self-Imposed Delay of Gratification

采用眼动研究方法，以儿童的延迟等待时间及眼动特征为指标，通过两个实验考察儿童在自我延迟满足情境中的注意分配策略及自我延迟满足能力发展的年龄特点。实验结果表明：偏爱策略能促进4—5岁学前儿童的自我延迟满足；小学1、2年级儿童的自我延迟满足能力显著高于4—5岁学前儿童；延迟奖励物的彩色照片比黑白照片更有利于儿童的延迟等待；眼动方法是延迟满足研究的有效方法。

With Model 504 eye tracker made in American applied science laboratory, two experiments were conducted to investigate children＇s attention deployment strategies and developmental features of different age group children＇s delay ability during self-imposed delay period. Delay time and eye movement features such as fixation duration, fixation number and saccade number were recorded while viewing symbolic presentation of the delay rewards to assess attentional processes. The results showed ： （ 1 ） In each study, children paid more attention to color photograph than to black-and-white photograph of delay rewards and facilitate their self-imposed delay of gratification while viewing the color pictures ; （2） Preschool children enhanced their delay ability when given ＂wish strategy＂ rather than ＂efficacy strategy＂ instruction; （3）The elder children spontaneously showed more attention to the pictures and had longer delay time than that of the young children.